May 2022

Introduction

According to Handy, pipelines play an essential part in sustaining modern-day conveniences that we cannot live without, but it is not easy to appreciate their value since they run beneath the cities, streets, continents, and even oceans. In fact, most people have no idea how pipelines work and have misconceptions about their usage.

The Details

Here are a few things that you should know about pipelines:

1. There are different types of pipelines – Pipelines are constructed and managed differently depending on what they are intended to carry and where they have to go. That’s why it is important to understand the many different categories of pipelines.

Let’s look at them below:

• Gas pipelines – These pipelines are constructed to carry natural gas.

• Distribution pipelines – These are smaller pipelines that transport gas within a community to individual businesses and homes.

• Hazardous liquid pipelines – These pipelines mainly carry fuels such as jet fuel, diesel, gasoline, and more.

• Intrastate pipelines – These pipelines are created to operate within the state boundaries.

• Transmission pipelines – These are larger pipelines that are made to transport liquid and gas across the country.

• Interstate pipelines – These pipelines are made to operate beyond state and national boundaries.

2. Pipelines are among the safest way to transport – According to the Fraser Institute, pipelines are 4.5 times safer than rail for transporting natural resources such as oil and natural gas. Pipelines are also ranked as a safer means of transporting natural resources according to the National Transportation and Safety Board.

Pipelines have cathodic protection which essentially means that they are protected via an electrical shield. Typically, the pipeline is connected to a secondary metal via an electrical line which absorbs the current that is passed through it. As a result, the iron or steel pipe remains safe since the corrosion occurs on the secondary metal.

3. Pipelines come in different sizes – The diameter of a pipeline can range anywhere from two inches to four feet depending on what it is transporting such as natural gas or oil. For instance, pipelines transported crude oil from fields to refineries. Other types of pipelines transport natural gas pumped from production wells to refineries. Then, the third type of pipeline is used to transport refined oil and natural gas to various regions.

Other factors that determine how wide the pipeline should be includes the temperature, pressure, and the volume being transported.

4. Technology to preserve pipeline integrity – Devices such as Pipeline Inspection Gauges(PIGS) can be used to inspect the interior surface of the pipeline and get rid of debris. They also help to preserve the integrity of the pipeline by preventing potential threats before they have a chance to emerge.

Ground personnel also conduct periodic physical inspections and drones equipped with advanced sensors and high-resolution cameras are also used to inspect pipelines above ground. Corrosions are prevented by applying modern sealants to the exterior of the pipe.

Conclusion

Handy suggests you watch a few YouTube videos online to learn more interesting facts about pipelines and how they work. It is easier to understand more information about pipelines by watching videos than by simply reading about their details.

When you love birds and want to keep them as a pet, you will need to build an aviary to have the perfect place for them to live in your home. Whether it will be an indoor or an outdoor aviary will depend on the type of birds you want to keep, and you will need to decide on the kind of birds and how many before starting to build your aviary. Below is a short guide on what you need to do when building an aviary in your garden to give your birds an ideal home, but you will first need to download some birdy aviary plans.

Choose A Location & Build A Foundation

You will want to choose a south-facing location for the aviary that is not too close to trees and will offer the birds protection against the elements. The aviary will not be too heavy, but you will still want a foundation, so you have a level surface for it. You can do this using sand and gravel and then placing paving slabs on top and levelling them off, but if all this seems too much for you, you can look for an aviary for sale online.

Building The Frame

The next step is to start building the frame for the aviary, and you will need to ensure it is sturdy and can handle being outdoor in all weather. Whether you use nails or screws, you will need to ensure they are made with galvanised steel, so they do not rust. You will need to ensure you build the aviary to a decent size and give the birds as much room to move about as possible, giving them a better quality of life. Once the frame is complete, you will want to put the roof on it.

Raising The Roof Of Your Aviary

The next step is putting a roof on the aviary, and you will need to ensure it is sealed, so it does not leak. You can use a layer of plastic underneath the roof to help prevent water from leaking in, and you can also add some wooden shingles to make the aviary look nice. Once the roof is complete and everything looks good, it is time to add mesh to the walls to keep the birds in and predators out.

Adding Mesh To The Frame

You will want to use a wire mesh on your aviary to prevent predators from getting into your aviary and help keep your birds safe. You need to ensure that there are no gaps in the mesh and use plenty of nails to hold it in place. Once the mesh is on your aviary, it is almost ready to be used by your birds.

Getting The Aviary Ready For The Birds

You will want to add a layer of builder’s sand to the floor of the aviary and create lots of places for the birds to roost, and you will need perches at various heights. You will also need somewhere for them to nest, and you can add nesting boxes near the aviary roof. You should now be all set to add the birds to your aviary and get them used to their new home in their brand-new purpose-built home.